Category Archives: money

Adverse selection in a loan model

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Firstly, let us note that the equilibrium bidding schedule is flatter in the limit order market (8.15) than in the uniform price market (8.17); this is because with price discrimination, competition for liquidity provision intensifies. Figure 8.1 plots the bid schedule under the discriminatory (8.16) and the uniform pricing rules (8.18) for different numbers of dealers: competition modifies only the slope of the uniform pricing schedule, but for the discriminatory schedule it also changes the intercept.

As mentioned, the model in Viswanathan andWang (2002) does not allow for asymmetric information among market participants. Biais, Martimort and Rochet (2000) introduce adverse selection in a model with the discriminatory pricing rule and show how imperfect competition among dealers within an LOB can be modelled as a game with multiple principals, where each dealer (principal) chooses his optimal trading strategy under the participation and incentive constraints of the investor (agent).

General fluctuations of credit spreads

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BBB-rated corporate bonds obviously have a very high correlation to fluctuations of credit spreads in general. Although they made up on average only 25 percent of the Euro investment grade market, the influence of lower rated bonds on market spreads is substantial. Higher quality bonds, on the other hand, exhibit lower correlations to market spread changes. One reason is that their impact on the market direction is less pronounced because they are less volatile. But the second reason is probably more important. Euro corporate bonds are typically valued against swaps, that is the spread versus government bonds consists of two components: the swap spread and the spread over swaps. As a consequence changes of swap spreads have an influence on the spread of a corporate bond versus duration-matched treasuries. The higher the credit quality and the lower the spread of an issuer, the higher is the fraction of the benchmark spread that is due to the swap spread.

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